No one could dispute that the seas of Cyprus hide not only natural beauty but also dangers that many of us might ignore. It is a fact that in recent years, due to rising temperatures and various other reasons, more and more toxic fish are appearing in Cypriot waters. Some we have come to know, others perhaps not yet.
Two of the most well-known toxic fish found in the waters of Cyprus are the tsiritzi or oilfish, also known as pilakoutas, and the pampakas or pampakaris, also known as the saponas.
Tsiritzi, also known as oilfish, or pilakoutas (Ruvettus pretiosus)
The tsiritzi, also known as oilfish or pilakoutas, is a true ‘giant’ of the deep waters. It is a benthopelagic fish that moves at impressive depths, reaching up to 800 meters.
It can grow up to 2 meters in length and weigh up to 60 kilograms, although in Cypriot waters most of these fish encountered are about 1 meter long and rarely exceed 15 kilograms.
It usually moves alone or in pairs, gliding slowly near the seabed. However, it does not hesitate to rise to midwaters in search of food. There, it hunts fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans, exploiting its size and strength.
Catching it is not an easy task. It is mainly done with thick fishing lines, either surface lines or deep-sea lines, requiring experience and strong equipment from fishermen.
The meat is particularly tasty, but it hides a… trap: it is quite fatty and contains gempylotoxin. This substance is not absorbed by the human body and can accumulate in the intestines. Consuming large quantities may lead to diarrhea and stomach disturbances within just 30 minutes to 36 hours after eating. Symptoms usually subside without treatment; however, if discomfort is intense, seeking medical advice is recommended.
Pampakas, also known as saponas (Hexanchus griseus)
The pampakas, also known as saponas, is one of the most impressive and mysterious sharks of the deep waters. It belongs to the ‘ancient order’ of Hexanchilformes, sharks distinguished by having 6 or even 7 gill slits instead of the usual 5. With a length that can reach up to 5 meters, the pampakas resembles more a creature from another era than a modern fish.
The body has a dark brown color that fades slightly along the lateral line, while its eyes – intense, almost fluorescent green – shine in the darkness of great depths. There, between 100 and 2,000 meters, it moves slowly but imposingly, dominating the sea world.
The diet includes fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans, which it locates precisely in the dark environment. Although occasionally caught on thick fishing lines, fishermen usually discard it as it has no commercial value.
The meat, though particularly tasty, hides a toxin found mainly in the liver and skin. This substance is not absorbed by the human body but accumulates in the intestines. Consuming it in large quantities can lead to diarrhea and gastrointestinal disturbances. In most cases symptoms subside without treatment; however if discomfort is intense seeking medical advice is recommended. Caution responsibility and knowledge! The presence of these two groups of fish tsiritzi and pampakas in Cyprus seas proves that the sea requires attention and knowledge. If fishermen swimmers and consumers are properly informed accidents can be avoided. With a little caution and responsibility everyone can enjoy the sea safely respecting life and environment!
