Regular blood pressure monitoring in every pregnant woman is not random but a key preventive measure against a serious pregnancy complication, preeclampsia.
This condition is characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and fluid retention. If not recognized early, it can endanger the lives of both the mother and the fetus in 1-2% of cases.
When can it occur?
According to gynecologist Nikolaos Plevris, preeclampsia can occur without any symptoms, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. However, it usually appears after the 20th week and becomes more common as a woman approaches the end of her pregnancy.
As the condition progresses, besides high blood pressure, edema and proteinuria, swelling may spread to the hands and face. Additionally, the woman may experience severe headaches, vision problems, dizziness, nausea, and upper abdominal pain.
Today, thanks to regular monitoring and examinations, preeclampsia is very rare – but it should not be underestimated because when it occurs, it can be severe.
Factors that increase risk
Certain factors increase the risk: pre-existing hypertension, family history, diabetes, obesity, multiple pregnancies, and older maternal age.
In these rare cases, the placenta does not function as well as it should. This results in limited oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange and nutrient transfer between mother and baby, which can affect fetal development. As gynecologist Nikolaos Plevris emphasizes in his scientific article, “the fetus suffocates, has hypoglycemia and as a result does not gain weight.”
Another serious complication is placental abruption when it detaches from the uterine wall. Depending on where it occurs, vaginal bleeding may or may not appear. This is essentially an extremely urgent situation requiring immediate treatment.
In early stages, management includes bed rest, careful monitoring, and if necessary, medication to control blood pressure. However, if symptoms persist and fetal growth remains inadequate, management usually involves inducing labor, often by cesarean section.
Awareness and prevention
Gestational hypertension is a silent threat, but with timely diagnosis and proper monitoring, risks to mother and fetus can be significantly reduced. The key to a safe pregnancy is awareness and prevention!
